The article examines the structure, systematics, and diversity of ecologicalgeological systems of transport-and-communication complexes – some of the most important components of the technosphere, which perform the functions of transporting various goods and people, conveying mineral resources, and transmitting energy and information, and which are considered a specific type of ecosystems. The paper analyzes the characteristic ecological-geological features of their abiotic and biotic components, as well as the interrelations between them, which must be taken into account during environmental engineering surveys and investigations conducted in areas where transport-and-communication complexes are located.